How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Dissertation

How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Reference to The UK Car Industry - Dissertation Example h 40 3.8.2 Plagiarism 40 3.9 Chapter Review 41 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 42 Chapter 5: ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS 55 5.1 Conclusions 55 5.2 Recommendations 56 5.3 Reflections 57 REFERENCES 59 List of Figures Figure 1.3.1: Factors influencing Car Buyer Behaviour 6 Figure 2.1.1: GDP Growth in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.2: Financial Conditions and Housing Price Developments in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.3: Unemployment in the United Kingdom during the Global Financial Crisis 14 Figure 2.1.4: Seasonally Adjusted Household Final Consumption Expenditure for the UK 16 Figure 2.1.5: UK Consumer Confidence 17 Figure 2.1.6: Seasonally Adjusted Durable Goods Expenditure Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 18 Figure 2.1.7: Seasonally Adjusted Transport Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 19 Figure 2.1.8: UK Mortgage Approvals 20 Figure 2.1.9: UK Investment Risk Appetite 20 Figure 2.2.1: New and Used Car Sales in the United Kingdom 23 Figure 2.2.2: New Car Market Volume and Value in the United Kingdom 24 Figure 2.2.3: Steps that Consumers Took to Offset Rising Fuel Prices 25 Figure 4.1: New Car Registrations for Ford in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.2: New Car Registrations for Vauxhall in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.3: New Car Registrations for Volkswagen in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.4: New Car Registrations for BMW in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.5: New Car Registrations for Audi in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.6: New Car Registrations for Nissan in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.7: Income Distribution Level of those Contemplating Buying a Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 49 Figure 4.8: Price Paid for Current Car in the United Kingdom after End of the Global Financial Crisis 50 Figure 4.9: Factors Initiating Decision to Buy a Current Car in the United Kingdom after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 51 Figure 4.10: Number of Models Considered when Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 52 Figure 4.11: Sources of Information Used when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 53 Figure 4.12: Trade-offs when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 54 List of Tables Table 4.1: New Car Registrations for Various Models of Cars during the Global Financial Crisis 43 Table 4.2: Most Popular Models of Cars Sold in the United Kingdom in the Year 2010 47 Acknowledgements Declaration of Originality MASTERS DISSERTATION SUBMISSION FORM Student’s family name: First names: Student ID No: Course: Supervisor: Dissertation Title: How has the Global

Coming to America Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coming to America - Coursework Example Assimilation though is not so much of a problem with the second or third generations of immigrants as compared to the first generation immigrants because they seem to be all too willing to adapt with gusto the American culture, sometimes to the dismay of their immigrant grandparents. 2. What does it mean to be Americanized? The AudioEnglish.net website describes being Americanized as "an assimilation into American culture† (Americanization, n.d.). 3. Is this something that immigrants should strive for or avoid? I think that immigrants should try to be Americanized but not to the extent of totally abandoning their own cultures. 4. Why? Immigrants should not â€Å"give up† their cultures in exchange of the â€Å"American way† because their â€Å"culture represents their economic and political power in the United States, and, hence, culture becomes a weapon in helping them struggle to attain self-esteem and empowerment† (Park, 1999). However, it is important t o note that in deciding to become an immigrant, one should have already been prepared to yield to the American culture because at some point, it becomes a necessity if one wants to succeed and prosper in the United States. Discussion II 1. How does being an immigrant complicate or enhances the life experience of being an American woman? Being a woman immigrant in America has its advantages and disadvantages.

Rachel and her Children essay Essay Example for Free

Rachel and her Children essay Essay We see them almost everywhere! We can hear them around the corner, and we see their shadow from far away. We try to avoid looking directly into their eyes, and we pretend we did not hear them when they talk to us. We walk around the block to avoid them, and walk faster to leave them behind. These people that we consider to be invisible are actually homeless human beings. Homelessness in America remains an issue of deep concern in the 21st century. Without a permanent roof over their head, these people seek refuge in various places such as homeless shelters and tent cities. If they are fortunate they will find a safe place to stay the night. The less fortunate ones are forced to spend their night in public places that are unsafe and unfit to sleep in. Although homelessness is not a new issue to write about, in â€Å"Rachel and her children†, Jonathan Kozol brings us into an entirely new world. A world where the homeless are not just figures with hands held out asking for spare change. He brings us into the lives of these homeless story by story case by case sharing his personal interviews with these unfortunate people. What Kozol describes deeply in the book throughout true incredible stories goes beyond our expectation. Especially in chapter 5,† Distancing ourselves from pain and tears† which is one of the center of the book, the author raises more concern about our attitudes toward poor homeless people. What Kozol means by â€Å"distancing† in the chapter is that people do really care about homelessness. They do understand and feel guilty about what homeless people are suffering day by day. Because of the guiltiness, they try to create a â€Å"distance† by themselves to ignore the responsibility for these homeless people. Instead of blaming the reckless negligence of the government’s welfare system, people end up blaming homelessness for creating their own destitution. In some ways, it is surely that most Americans would have a certain enhanced sympathy toward homeless people. However, not many of us do truly care about them, want to know what the story is behind them becoming homeless, and try to help them get out of their dark side. We do have compassion, but our compassion is not big enough to connect us closer to homeless people. Even though we feel very bad whenever we hear about the poor people, every one of us does have a distance ourselves from homelessness. The first thing that come to my mind and other people’s when thinking about homeless people is that all of them are panhandlers, those who are mentally unstable, and victims of â€Å"dumping† by greedy hospital or drug addiction. Last summer I came to visit my friend who lives in downtown San Francisco. As I was walking down to the bus station, I remember passing an old homeless woman who was asking people for money at the corner of the station. Being careful not to touch her, I dropped a few spare coins in his hand. Automatically assuming that the money I gave her would be used for drugs or alcohol, I looked upon her with contempt. After reading this book, I understand that the woman I saw at the corner of the station could have, at one time, been just like me. Even though being a little proud of just doing something good, I found that I (as well as other people) fail to create a distance from homelessness. At the beginning, Kozol opens his book with the story of Peter and Megan who are living in the Martique homeless shelter. Before ending up being homeless, they had a happy life with their five children. Peter did plumbing and carpentry. He was also a contributing and working. After a fire destroyed the house and all of Peter’s collection of tools he had built up for years, Peter’s family had to struggle in the Martique. By opening with this story, Kozol gives the readers a new vision of homeless people. Stereotypes of the homeless as individuals struggling with mental health issues or substance addictions no longer hold. They used to be normal members in the society just like us, but for some reasons cause them to become destitute. Kozol’s book documents how many homeless were recently employed, cast into homelessness by financial misfortune such as ongoing unemployment, staggering medical bills or medical disabilities. Many homeless people are in their existing condition of living on the streets because of being born poor, while many other homeless people used to have money, fame and property before but lost it all in some big personal or external event. We have never thought what lead those people into their dark sides. We are too hasty to put everyone into the same category. Because of that failure in thinking, we naturally build an invisible distance that separates us from homeless people. There are hundreds of fears which could be called typical of human needs existing inside of us such as: going broke, foreclosure on house, humiliation from public speaking, running out of food, or major disasters†¦. However, a life that is financially is unsecure, and in a depressed economy, the fear of being homeless seems to be considered as the biggest concern for human beings. For those who have been homeless and are now off the street, generally they promise themselves never to let that happen again. Many people now fear being homeless who are close to foreclosure. Too many people bought at the top of the market or re-financed with variable rate deals. Therefore, this fear of being homeless is a real fear. When people are scared of something so much that they cannot face it, they tend to ignore it in order to release the fear that they are going through. We all know that homelessness still exists. We also know that that the number of people who stay in the street as their home, lack of food, tremble because of cold, and carry on so many disease is increasingly higher in every states of the U.S. Since we fear of being homeless, we try to disregard the existence of homelessness. We even blame homeless people for creating their own situation. In order to push away our own â€Å"nightmare†, we unintentionally create the distance between ourselves and homelessness. Not only do we eliminate our â€Å"nightmare† by blaming the homeless people but also we evade our responsibility by making an excuse that there is no â€Å"quick fix† for erasing homelessness in America. That means people who are living in the street have to wait a long time to get a house. Most of us usually think that we already gave a hand for helping homelessness by the tax we pay to the government every year, and that the government themselves have had programs for low-income Americans. However, we do not know that the money the government gives up to help poor people is â€Å"just over a tenth of the federal budget† (131). Yet, that ten percent of the budget was cut into one third by the Reagan budget cuts. In other words, when that amount of money reaches to the homeless people, it means nothing. The question here is: What is the rest of the money gone instead of using to help homeless? The rest of billions of dollars is used for national defense such as: military, weapons, and so-called wars†¦ Without knowing this, we blame homeless people for creating their own destitution instead of the government. The book â€Å"Rachel and her children† incredibly tells stories of homeless people. Each person has his or her own different circumstances, but generally these people used to have the same normal live before they became homeless. Many of us would sympathize with homeless people on the street, but only few truly want to help them get out of their extreme circumstances. In some ways, we still draw ourselves a distance from homelessness either because of our guiltiness or our own fear of being homeless one day. When we confidently give up our little spare coins to homeless people without worrying if they are used for drugs or alcohol, that is when we little by little erase our distance and get closer to these poor homeless human beings. View as multi-pages

The tragedy of Antigone Essay Example for Free

The tragedy of Antigone Essay The tragedy of Antigone is the culmination of Sophocles’ line of troubles for the Oedipan line, beginning with the unmasking of the King’s tragic secret. The last tale of the doomed Theban family, however, was different from the other two stories; here, the main theme was not the unfolding of tragedy as willed by fate, but a defiant challenge to mortal pride. Antigone faced Creon to challenge the dishonorable sentence to her brother, and also to unmask the pride by which the Theban King defied the gods. Dante’s Divine Comedy follows a similar theme: driven by the despair of wrath and pride, the poet-pilgrim is led by the spirit of Virgil through the recesses of his soul to see first-hand the ugliness of sin and pride that moves his despair. Through analysis of the two stories, it will be revealed that they share similar devices in narrative, and a common theme: Mortal Pride blinds its owner, turns it against those he holds dear, and offends the Divine. The first recognizable similarity between the two stories lies in the role of the women in unmasking the folly of mortal pride. Antigone begins in the aftermath of a great battle and the decision of the Theban King, Creon, to disgrace the dead of the besieged and withhold the honor of proper burial. Antigone represented divine admonition and retribution, in her defiance of the law forbidding the burial (Watling, 1959, p. 125). The purpose was two-fold: one was to give redeem the lost honor of her brother, who was one of the doomed, and the other to dare the King to do his worst and in so doing, and thus expose the extent of his folly. The heroine of Dante’s Divine Comedy is Beatrice, who, seeing the despair and error that Dante found himself in, sent for the ancient writer Virgil to guide him through Inferno into the gates of Paradise (Ciardi, 1960, pp. 28-30). This journey through the bowels of Inferno represents the soul’s examination of self, revealing that at the center of the blackness of his despair was sin, and at the core of that was pride. Beatrice is fulfilling the same two-fold purpose that Antigone bore for herself: she wished to redeem Dante, by exposing the folly of his own pride. The devices of both stories are also similar in their approach to curbing mortal pride: initially there is the advice of Reason, and then the chastisement by the Divine. King Creon is approached by his son, Haemon, in the hopes in him seeing the error of his ways (Watling, 1959, pp. 143-147). His careful admonition of speaking for Creon’s benefit and that he could still admit to his mistake, is similar in Virgil’s firm but gentle handling of Dante, as the latter is led through the depths of Hell and the scourges of Purgatory. Mortal pride, in both stories, has blinded too much the protagonist; Creon would not heed to the warnings of his son, and would even trade barbs with the blind prophet Teiresias (Watling, 1959, p. 154). Similarly, throughout Dante’s journey through the nightmarish landscape of the Inferno, he could see tormented souls who are too blinded by their pride to realize the gravity of their sins and its consequences. One memorable scene is in Inferno’s Canto VII, where, in the dregs of a swamp, the souls who were wrathful in their lives continue to tear each apart even in Hell. There is also Vanni Fucci’s defiant cry to God in Canto XXV of Inferno, in the midst of his torment from vipers (Ciardi, 1960, pp. 75, 213). Even Dante himself, later in Purgatorio’s Canto XIII, admits of continuing lapse to pride, despite the horrors he had to face in Inferno (Ciardi, 1960, pp. 143-144). Mortal pride, however, eventually shrinks before the glare of Divine wrath, the second and more effective narrative device used to quelling the former. Teiresias, having been rebuffed in his gentle words of advice to Creon, reveals the extent of Heaven’s curse. His final barb at the King (â€Å"Let us leave him to vent his anger on younger ears/Or school his mind and tongue to a milder mood†) exposes Creon’s fury for what it is: nothing before the eyes of the Divine (Watling, 1959, pp. 154-155). Beatrice, in a similar office, released righteous fury upon a Dante that seemed to have gotten off easy in Hell and Purgatory—incidentally at the same time that Virgil finally leaves him. Dante, suddenly naked before Divine Wrath, swoons in grief and guilt (Ciardi, 1959, pp. 304-307, 310-313). Thus, the two stories share the same lesson: Pride that is defiant before the Law of the Divine eventually is humbled against Righteous Wrath. Thus is Antigone the same with the Divine Comedy. Through the device of Reason (Haemon in the former, Virgil in the latter), the Divine sought to redeem the soul caught in the despair of pride. The act of pride is exposed for its absurdity, and the sinner shrinks before the realization of the extent of his error. Pride, that it may be scourged from its wielder, is then met with the punishment of the Divine. Creon faced it in the multiple tragedies of son, mother and would-be daughter-in-law. Dante, though, could not yet suffer this burden as he was still alive (though Beatrice’s denunciations would have sufficed), but he could at least see it from the Proud preparing themselves in Purgatorio, as was illustrated in Canto X (Ciardi, 1960, p. 115-117). The sins of Mortal Pride are not thrust upon Man by fate, but it is taken up by choice. It is a grotesque thing that blinds its possessor and thus in turn possesses him. Only by seeing clearly how small, insignificant, and foolish it is and how it hurts those held dear, can it be overthrown and the soul thus redeemed.

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Synthesis and Characterization of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Habib Hussain[*], Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali, Imdad Hussain, Hajira Rehman   Abstract: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was synthesized through boron-ate complex. 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate was reacted with allylboronic acid pinacol ester in the presence of N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) to give secondary boronic ester which was further reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene by using Grubbs Hoveyda II. Resulting product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was then treated with 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene in the presence of n-BuLi to get nucleophilic boron-ate complex. (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was obtained in excellent yields by stirring boron-ate complex at 50oC for 1h and refluxing for 15h. Keywords: Lithiation Borylation, Secondary Boronic Ester, Olefin Cross Metathesis, 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene , Boron-ate Complex 1. Introduction Olefin metathesis chemistry1 has led a number of opportunities in organic synthesis. Olefin metathesis2involves the redistribution of fragments ofalkenes by regeneration of carbon-carbondouble bonds. There are numerous applications of olefin metathesis and it is an important methodology to produce reagents. Addition of aryl lithium reagents to secondary boronic esters results to a new class of chiral organometallic-type reagents which have broad utility in asymmetric organic synthesis. R. Larouche-Gauthier3 formed intermediate boron-ate complex by adding an aryllithium reagent to a secondary boronic ester. It behaved as a chiral nucleophile and maximum enantioselectivity was found by using electron withdrawing groups on aryllithium. Habib Hussain4 studied the effect of steric bulk of aryllithium on stereoselectivity of boron-ate complexes. Hoffmann5 obtained chiral Grignard reagents from sulfoxides Mg exchange reaction of halosulfoxides. Herbert C. Brown6 investigated iodination of the ate- complexes from various B-alkoxyborinane derivatives and 1-alkynyllithium. E. Vedejs7 synthesized ate- complexes which contained stereogenic boron by reacting trivalent boranes with nucleophiles. They noticed that stability of ate-complex depend upon the electronegativity of substituents attached to b oron. Ryschkewitsch, G. E8 resolved chiral boron-ate complexes by classical methods. Anna Bernardi 9 determined the role of ate-complxes im aldol stereoselectivity. In the recent paper, we reported the synthesis of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7). It was characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Lithiation-Borylation was used to synthesize the secondary boronic ester and by using olefin cross metathesis, it gave (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane when reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene. (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was converted into ate-complex when on heating produced the desired product. 2. Experimental Section 2.1. Materials: n-butyllithium (nBuLi), sec. butyllithium solution (sBuLi) (1.6M), pinacol, N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA), (vinylsulfonyl)benzene, Grubbs Hoveyda II and 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All reagents were used as such as received. To avoid from moisture diethyl ether (Et2O) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were dried with 4 A ° molecular sieves. The experiments were performed using schlenk line under nitrogen atmosphere in the absence of air and moisture. 2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3): To a solution of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate (1.0g, 3.41mmol, 1.0eq) (1) and N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) (0.61mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2a) in Et2O (17mL) at -78oC, Sec. BuLi (1.6M in 92:8 cyclohexane/hexane, 2.9mL, 3.75mmol, 1.1eq) was dropwise added and stirred for 5h at -78oC. Then allylboronic acid pinacol ester (0.77mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2) was dropwise added to the reaction mixture and further stirred at -78oC for 1h and allowed to warm to room temperature. At this stage, a solution of MgBr2.OEt2 in Et2O, made as follows, was added to the reaction mixture. [At room temperature, 1,2-dibromoethane (0.60mL, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) was added into a suspension of magnesium (0.17g, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) in Et2O (8.6mL). The reaction flask was further stirred for 2h after placing into a water bath in order to control the moderate exotherm]. Biphasic mixture having two layers thus obtained was added to the former reaction mixture via syringe and then refluxed for 16h . After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature it was quenched with water. Et2O was added, the layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O. The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl, 1N NaOH, water and brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by column chromatography (SiO2) and pure (R)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (0.84g, 77.60%) was obtained as colorless oil. The reaction is given in Figure 1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.81 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 5.86 – 5.75 (1H, m, CH=CH2) 5.04 (1H, d, J=2.20 Hz, CH=CHH) 4.94 (1H, d, J=10.27 Hz, CH=CHH) 3.78 (3H, s, OCH3) 2.63 2.48 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 2.27 2.11 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.78 1.58 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.25 (12H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 1.08 1.18 (1H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.6 (1C, -OCH3), 138.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 135.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 129.2 (1C, ArC-O), 114.9 (1C, -CH2CH=CH2), 113.6 (1C, -CHb=CH2), 83.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2), 55.2 (1C, ArCCH2), 35.3 (1C, CH2CH2CHB), 34.5 (1C, -CH2CHB), 33.1 (1C, -CHBCH2CH), 24.9 (1C, -CH2CH2CHB), 24.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C). 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 3026 (sp2C-H Stretch), 2977, 2924, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1456(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1243, 1175, 1142 (sp3C-O Stretch), 846, 822, 670 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.3. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5): Grubbs-Hoveyda II (4a) (3.9mg, 0.0063mmol, 0.05eq) was added to a solution of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (40mg, 0.126 mmol, 1.0eq) and (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) (0.0635g, 0.378mmol, 3.0eq) in CH2Cl2 (2mL). After fitting a condenser to the flask, reaction mixture was refluxed for 15h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then reduced in volume to 0.5mL and purified directly on a silica gel column eluting with 9:1 Pet. Ether/ EtOAc to provide the desired product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid (0.0438g, 77.25%)10. m.p. 82.0oC 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.88-7.84 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.62-7.56 (1H, m, , 1 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.54-7.48 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.05-6.99 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.96 (1H, t, J=6.97 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 6.84-6.77 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.31 (1H, dt, J=15.16, 1.47 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 3.78 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.59-2.45 (2H, m, CH2-CH2-CHB) 2.43-2.26 (2H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.77-1.66 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.63-1.53 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.27-1.21 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.18 (12 H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 146.9 (1C, ArC-S) 140.8 (1C, CH=CH-S) 134.2 (1C, CH=CH-S) 133.1 (1C, ArC-CH2) 130.6 (1C, ArCH) 129.2 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 127.5 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 113.7 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 83.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2) 55.2 (1C, OCH3) 34.1 (1C, CH2CHBCH2) 33.1 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 32.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C) 24.8 (1C, -CHBCH2CH) 24.7 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2977, 2924 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1446(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1244, 1176, 1141 (sp3C-O Stretch), 822, 730, 687 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.4. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7): To a solution of 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (24.6mg, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (1.9mL) at -78oC was added n-BuLi (1.6M in hexanes, 0.053mL, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr at -78oC before a solution of boronic ester (32mg, 0.070mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (1.5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30min at -78oC and 30min at room temperature to form boron-ate complex which was further heated at 50oC for 1 hr and refluxed for 15hr. Reaction was quenched with water, EtOAc was added and layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. Then layers were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated. The crude mixture was finally purified by column chromatography (SiO2, 2:1 Pet.Ether/EtOAc) to get desired product as colorless oil (19.87mg, 62.10%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.14-7.07 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.85 6.80 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.30 (1H, dt, J=17.00, 10.21 Hz, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 6.12-5.97 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.78-5.69 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.21-5.06 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 4.99-4.95 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 3.79 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.70-2.60 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 2.52-2.33 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 137.0 (1C, CH=CH2) 133.7 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 132.0 (1C, ArC-CH2) 129.5 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 114.9 (1C, CH=CH2) 113.6 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 55.1 (1C, CH3) 34.6 (1C, CH2CH2CH) 34.5 (1C, CH2CH2CH) IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2955, 2921, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1737, 1461(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1277, 1184, 1137 (sp3C-O Stretch), 967, 805 (sp2 C-H oop bending). HRMS (ESI) calcd. for C13H17O [M+H]+ 189.1279, found 189.1287. 2.5. Equipments 1H and 13C spectral measurements were done by using Varian NMR (400 MHz) spectrometer (model DMX 400). For protons, the chemical shifts were measured relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) at d = 0 ppm. 3. Results and Discussion Starting material 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) has been synthesized as colorless oil in excellent yields (77.6%) (table 1, entry 1) by using Lithiation-Borylation methodology; Carbamate (1) was reacted with pinacol (2) by using TMEDA (2a) at suitable conditions (fig.1). Spectral studies proved the structure as mentioned in literature11. By using application of olefin cross metathesis, boronic ester (3) was then reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) to give (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid. Yield was again excellent (table 1, entry 2) for this reaction. Table 1: Physical states and yields Entry Substances Physical States Melting points Yield (%) 1 Colorless oil 77.60 2 Dark brown solid 82.0oC 77.25 3 Colorless oil 62.10 Boron-ate complex (6) which acted as nucleophile was synthesized by reacting (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) with aryllithium (5a). Boron-ate complex (6) showed best nucleophilic character by using 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (5a) as aryllithium11 and it was then stirred at 50oC for 1hr and then refluxed for 15hrs and desired product (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7) was collected. 4. Conclusions: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene has been synthesized through a novel route and characterized by spectral techniques like IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Boron-ate complex was successfully converted into aromatic dienes. This novel synthetic route resulted in excellent yields. Acknowledgment: Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support to the work by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and moreover authors acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-Pakistan and Superior University Lahore-Pakistan for guidance, research and laboratory facilities. References: Grubbs, R. H.; Chang, S. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 4413–4450 Astruc D. New J. Chem., 2005, 29, 42-56. R. Larouche-Gauthier, T.G. Elford and V.K. Aggarwal, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2011,133, 16794. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry; 2013, 25, 17, 9965-9969 Hoffmann, R. W. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2003, 32, 225. Herbert C. Brown, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4518-4521 E. Vedejs, S. C. Fields, S. Lin, and M. R. Schrimpf, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3028-3034. Ryschkewitsch, G. E.; Garrett, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7234. Anna Bernardi, Angiolina Comotti, Cesare Gennari, Cheryl T. Hewkin, Jonathan M. Goodman, Achim Schlapbach and Ian Paterson, Tetrahedron 50, 4, 1227-1242, 1994. Bruce H. Lipshutz, Subir Ghorai, Zarko V. Boskovic, Tetrahedron, 64, 29, 2008, 6949-6954. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry, In Press. [*]Corresponding Author: Habib Hussain

Renting Versus Buying Essay -- Compare Contrast Home Ownership

Buying a home can be an exciting experience for anyone. However, in some cases you just might be better off continuing to rent your home. There are many advantages to buying a home. However, it is not for everyone and buying varies from individual to individual. Currently more people are leaning towards renting but this could change in the near future. When someone makes the decision to buy or rent a home they must consider the advantages and disadvantages of each. In buying a home the primary advantage is that you actually own it. You can do whatever you want with it. Also, you are building equity as the years go by. â€Å"People today have problems saving for their future† (CNN Money, 2014). However, when they buy a home, the money they put down for a down payment is an investment. When the person sells the home they get back the down payment and the amount the property has appreciated in value. When looking at the advantages of renting it is easy to see the disadvantages of buying for some people. Even though you don’t get the money back that you put into it, renting could be a more satisfying option for some. This is because renting allows for flexibility. The person can move wherever as soon as there lease is up. Renters may see buying as â€Å"a reduction in lifestyle, moving to a smaller place, and perhaps a less expensive neighborhood.† (CNN Money, 2014). For example someone who rents an apartment enjoys how the complex keeps up the area and all the amenities it has to offer, and it is in an upper class part of town. However, when they buy they looks all the benefits, they have to do maintenance themselves, and move to an area they don’t particularly like to fit their price range. So which is better? It jus... ...etrieved October 29, 2014, from http://homebuying.about.com/od/buyingahome/qt/BuyorRent.htm This article explains how one should decide whether to buy a home or rent. Buying a home should be based on decisions of credit report, debt ratios, job stability or relocation, maintenance issues, and financial situation. It explains how not everyone should buy a house. Some people are actually better off renting. To rent or to buy? (2014). CNN Money. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://money.cnn.com/2014/10/29/yourhome/q_rent_or_buy/index.htm This article describes the disadvantages and advantages of buying or renting your home. It describes advantages of buying such as taxes and appreciation of the home. However, coming up with a down payment may be hard for many people. Renters may have less cost and more flexibility on when and where they can move to.

school hazing :: essays research papers

People are obsessed with the interrelation between different demeanors. Weather it be art and literature, matching shoes and shirts, or between men and women. We live in a society full of irreverent and dysfunctional relationships. In-fact, we were lucky enough to live during the time of The Break-up Heard 'Round the World, other wise known as when Jennifer Aniston and Brad Pitt broke up. The reason why the masses of literate minds are sucked into this timeless display of courtship is because they themselves have experienced similar relationships and knowing that they are not alone in the miserably bleak world of despair in the vain quest for love and acceptance. The many degrees of alliances, how strong they are, why they are being maintained, and what possible stresses can be applied to them by antagonists are all real world situations. People like to critique other people, and Hamlet is full of many archetype characters. Hamlet is based off of consanguinity, and the ext ream effe ct it has on people. People have aspirations and people want love. The relationships displayed in Hamlet revolve around personal lives clashing around ambitions. Ambitions driven by greed or revenge. "The serpent that did sting thy father's life/Now wears his crown." (Ghost 1,5) Hamlet talks to his fathers ghost and finds out that his uncle, his fathers own brother killed his father. From here on he is driven to get revenge for his fathers death. The rest of the play he puts on an antic disposition so he can get the information he wants and not have to explain why he is acting they way he is. If everyone thinks that Hamlet is crazy then they will not be suspicious. Hamlet is determined at all costs to kill Claudius from then on. "Does it not, think the, stand me now upon-/He that hath killed my king, and whored my mother,/...is't not perfect conscience/ To quit him with this arm?" (Hamlet 5,2) Hamlet is on the brink of killing Claudius and will soon have the chance. "Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane,/ Drink off this option. Is thy union here?/ Follow my mother." (Hamlet 5,2) This was said after his duel with Leartes, after he knew he was going to die. He makes Claudius drink from the poisoned cup his mother drank from. One of the last things he does is ensure that his vengeance is complete.